考研英语一阅读真题2007text1
Section IIReading ComprehensionPart A
Directions:
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)
Text 1
If you were to examine the birth certificates of every soccer player in 2006’s World Cup tournament, you would most likely find a noteworthy quirk: elite soccer players are more likely to have been born in the earlier months of the year than in the later months. If you then examined the European national youth teams that feed the World Cup and professional ranks, you would find this strange phenomenon to be even more pronounced.
21.The birthday phenomenon found among soccer players is mentioned to
[A] stress the importance of professional training.
[B] spotlight the soccer superstars in the World Cup.
[C] introduce the topic of what makes expert performance.（C）
[D] explain why some soccer teams play better than others.
题目类型：主旨题
一个小故事：喂喂喂，大家看看我有新发现，很多天才球星，都是出生在上半年，基本没有出生在下半年的，世界杯的全明星球员也是如此！
是什么导致这种现象的发生呢？
A.B.D并非主旨；相信大家看完这个小故事应该可以理解，文中通过出生在上半年，引起读者的好奇，啥导致上半年的人这么牛呢？C选项为正确选项
What might account for this strange phenomenon? Here are a few guesses: a) certain astrological signs confer superior soccer skills; b) winter-born babies tend to have higher oxygen capacity, which increases soccer stamina; c) soccer-mad parents are more likely to conceive children in springtime, at the annual peak of soccer mania; d) none of the above.
22.The word “mania” (Line 4, Paragraph 2) most probably means
[A] fun.
[B] craze.
[C] hysteria.（B）
[D] excitement.
题目类型：主旨题
小故事：好我们给大家四点原因：第一：星座关系，因为双鱼座的星象和宇宙辐射赋予了这些双鱼座孩子们的天赋；第二：冬天出生的孩子们，他们的肺活量大，跑的比别人远（突然想起来杰伦的听妈妈的话）；第三：痴迷于足球的母亲一般在春天，也就是足球每年巅峰的时候，才会怀孕；第四：以上都不是
哇塞这题是不是太弱了，闭着眼都看出来了，每年疯狂巅峰；狂热巅峰的时候，才怀孕。所以正确答案为B，强调一种疯狂。
Anders Ericsson, a 58-year-old psychology professor at Florida State University, says he believes strongly in “none of the above.” Ericsson grew up in Sweden, and studied nuclear engineering until he realized he would have more opportunity to conduct his own research if he switched to psychology. His first experiment, nearly 30 years ago, involved memory: training a person to hear and then repeat a random series of numbers. “With the first subject, after about 20 hours of training, his digit span had risen from 7 to 20,” Ericsson recalls. “He kept improving, and after about 200 hours of training he had risen to over 80 numbers.”
This success, coupled with later research showing that memory itself is not genetically determined, led Ericsson to conclude that the act of memorizing is more of a cognitive exercise than an intuitive one. In other words, whatever inborn differences two people may exhibit in their abilities to memorize, those differences are swamped by how well each person “encodes” the information. And the best way to learn how to encode information meaningfully, Ericsson determined, was a process known as deliberate practice. Deliberate practice entails more than simply repeating a task. Rather, it involves setting specific goals, obtaining immediate feedback and concentrating as much on technique as on outcome.
一、单词
nuclear engineering核工程
switched to转到
digit span数字范围
coupled with=and和
cognitive认知的
inborn天生的
are swamped by被…淹没
encode编码
entail需要
Rather更确切地说
Feedback反馈
As much as和…一样…
Outcome结果
二、翻译
佛罗里达州立大学58岁的心理学教授安德斯·埃里克森说，他坚信“以上皆非”。埃里克森在瑞典长大，一直学习核工程，直到他意识到如果转到心理学，他会有更多的机会进行自己的研究。大约30年前，他的第一个实验涉及记忆:训练一个人听一串随机数字，然后重复这些数字。“第一个实验对象经过大约20个小时的训练后，他的手指跨度从7个增加到了20个，”爱立信回忆说。“他一直在进步，经过大约200个小时的训练，他的人数已经超过了80人。”
这一成功，再加上后来的研究表明记忆本身不是由基因决定的，使得埃里克森得出这样的结论:记忆行为更多的是一种认知练习，而不是一种直觉练习。换句话说，无论两个人在记忆能力上有什么天生的差异，这些差异都会被每个人对信息的“编码”能力所掩盖。埃里克森认为，学习如何有意义地编码信息的最佳方法是一种被称为刻意练习的过程。刻意练习不仅仅是简单地重复一项任务。相反，它涉及到设定具体的目标，获得即时的反馈，并尽可能多地关注技术和结果。
23.According to Ericsson, good memory
[A] depends on meaningful processing of information.
[B] results from intuitive rather than cognitive exercises.
[C] is determined by genetic rather than psychological factors.
[D] requires immediate feedback and a high degree of concentration.
题目类型：细节题
A选项：推论正确，好记忆与信息加工构成利害关系
B选项：主旨相反命题法
文中说主要靠后天训练，B选项提到的是主要靠先天，排除。
C选项：主旨相反命题法
首先文中说靠后天并非基因；其次心里因素并未提及
D选项：同义替换命题法
文中问的是好记忆，并非谨慎实践，所以主语被替换了，D排除
Ericsson and his colleagues have thus taken to studying expert performers in a wide range of pursuits, including soccer. They gather all the data they can, not just performance statistics and biographical details but also the results of their own laboratory experiments with high achievers. Their work makes a rather startling assertion: the trait we commonly call talent is highly overrated. Or, put another way, expert performers – whether in memory or surgery, ballet or computer programming – are nearly always made, not born.
24.Ericsson and his colleagues believe that
[A] talent is a dominating factor for professional success.
[B] biographical data provide the key to excellent performance.
[C] the role of talent tends to be overlooked.（D）
[D] high achievers owe their success mostly to nurture.
题目类型：细节题
A选项：主旨相反命题法
文中强调的是后天努力并非先天，A选项排除
B选项：单词命题法
属于范围错误；文中明明说了三种，统计数据，传记细节还有实验室数据；而选项中只说了传记数据，且还推论是卓越表现的关键，文中并未提及它是关键，B选项排除
C选项：主旨相反命题法
后天才重要，C选项含义还是说先天重要，直接排除
D选项：主旨一致，后天重要
25.Which of the following proverbs is closest to the message the text tries to convey?
[A] “Faith will move mountains.”
[B] “One reaps what one sows.”
[C] “Practice makes perfect.”（C）
[D] “Like father, like son.”
题目类型：主旨题
A选项：精诚所至金石为开；
B选项：种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆
C选项：熟能生巧
D选项：有其父，必有其子
BD咱们直接排除，应该没人选吧，那真的太牛了；很多同学说努力了什么都能完成，难道不对嘛，这就是基于常识命题，这篇文章主要讨论的是后天训练的作用，而并非努力的问题，所以A选项排除
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